ABSTRACT
Resumen El hongo entomopatógeno Nomuraea rileyi (aislamiento Nm006) ha demostrado un alto potencial para ser utilizado en el control biológico de gusano cogollero del maíz Spodoptera frugiperda. Sin embargo, este microorganismo es altamente susceptible a condiciones abióticas de estrés, lo que dificulta el desarrollo tecnológico de un bioplaguicida. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto individual de temperatura y luz ultravioleta mediante choques de estrés implementados en el proceso de fermentación sólida. Los conidios obtenidos de los diferentes tratamientos se caracterizaron microbiológicamente (rendimiento y germinación), enzimática (β-esterasa, N-acetilglucosaminidasa y quimoelastasa proteasa Pr1) y biológicamente mediante un bioensayo. Los choques de temperatura no afectaron el rendimiento, germinación y actividad biológica del aislamiento, pero si potenciaron la actividad β-esterasa y la actividad N-acetilglucosaminidasa en comparación con los conidios no expuestos. Con respecto a los choques con luz UV, éstos no mejoraron las características de los conidios de N. rileyi. Con base en los resultados, los choques térmicos a 5 °C y 45 °C, se seleccionaron para la fermentación del hongo, porque no afectaron negativamente ninguna característica y aumentaron las actividades enzimáticas β-esterasa y N-acetilglucosaminidasa de los conidios, lo que podría mejorar la actividad insecticida sobre S. frugiperda.
Abstract The entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (isolate Nm006) is a possible microbial control agent against "fall armyworm" Spodoptera frugiperda. However, this fungus is affected by abiotic stress conditions that cause a slow development of the biopesticide. The objective of this study was to assess the individual effect of abiotic stress (temperature and UV light) during solid fermentation of Nomuraea rileyi Nm006. Conidia were produced under different stress conditions and then characterized microbiologically (yield and germination), enzymatically (β-esterese, N-acetylglucosaminidase and subtilin-like protease Pr1) and biologically against Spodoptera frugiperda. All the treatments were compare with conidia produced without stress. Yield and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity did not improve in conidia produced under temperature stress. Germination, efficacy and β-esterase activity were significantly higher in conidia exposed to thermal shock compared to unexposed conidia. UV light shocks did not improve any characteristics of Nm006. Thermal stress at 5 °C and 45 °C were select for fungus fermentation because conidia had higher enzymatic activity (β-esterase y N-acetilglucosaminidase) and any characteristic was negatively affect. This thermal stress could be a strategy to improve the insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda.
ABSTRACT
A Colombian Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus NPV003 with high potential for the development of an efficient biopesticide was microencapsulated by spray drying with a pH dependent polymer (Eudragit® S100). Conditions for microparticles production were standardized and microencapsulation process was validated. Physical properties, insecticide activity and photo-stability of microencapsulated virus were determined. The microparticles were spherical and irregular shaped, with sizes between 17.64 and 19.47 µm. Moisture content was 10.38 ± 0.87%; encapsulation efficiency 84.61± 13.09% and process yield was 91.20 ± 6.40%. Microencapsulation process did not affect viral insecticidal activity and provided efficient protection against UVB radiation. Results demonstrated technological feasibility of spray drying process to be used in formulating a biopesticide based on NPV003.